PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN MALAYSIA

As what we know Malaysia have many type of transportation such as air, road, rail, water and also pipelines. Malaysia is served by an excellent public transportation Malaysia. Once in the country you would always find transportation available to you even remote areas. Travelling by roads in peninsular Malaysia is popular as it has well-develop network of roads. After Malaysia’s modernization has made travel here whether it’s by plane, train, bus, taxi or self-driven car easier and convenient than ever. Malaysia airlines have service to every major destination within the peninsular and East Malaysia and now budget carrier, Air Asia connect all major towns for a cheap. Public transportation in Malaysia has buses with massive web of routes between every city and town. Train service up the western coast and out to the East provides even more options that they can choose. In addition, Public transportation has made it convenient enough for tourists to plan to hop from city to city and not waste too much precious vacation time.

TYPE OF CONTAINERS

The exterior dimensions of all containers conforming to ISO standards are 20 feet long x 8 feet wide x 8 feet 6 inches high or 9 feet 6 inches high for high cube containers.

	VENTILATED CONTAINER 20'	Ideal for cargo requiring ventilation
	BULK CONTAINER 20'	For bulk cargoes
	TANK CONTAINER 20'	For transportation of liquid chemicals and food stuffs
	DRY FREIGHT CONTAINER 20' and 40'	General purpose container
	HIGH CUBE CONTAINER 40' and 45'	9'6" High - For over height and voluminous cargo
	OPEN TOP CONTAINER 20' and 40'	Removable tarpaulin for top loading of over height cargo
	FLAT RACK 20' and 40'	For over width and heavy cargo
	PLATFORM 20' and 40'	For extra length and heavy cargo
	INSULATED CONTAINER 20' and 40'	For additional insulation of sensitive cargo
	REEFER CONTAINER 20' and 40'	For cooling, freezing or heating of foods or chemicals
	HIGH CUBE REEFER CONTAINER 40' and 45'	9'6" High - For over height and voluminous cargo requiring cooling or freezing

CHALLENGE IN CARRIER STRATEGIES

As what we know, in transportation medium there is a lot of challenge that the carrier and shipper need to face. Here we will discuss about the challenge in carrier strategies. The first one is operating network. In operating network there have five points.

     (i) Assets and equipment must be deployed to the shippers location. which requires continuous monitoring of equipment location and customer demand. That's mean, the assets and equipment must be move to shipper location. If the operation is higher, the challenge that the shippers and the carrier have to face also higher. For example Maersk, their asset moving for worldwide. So, they can expand their operation network.

HISTORY OF AIR TRANSPORT INDUSTRY

The earliest projectiles in the history of mankind that travel through the air have been known to be stones and spears. These made way for the boomerang in Australia,the hot air lantern, and kites. If we look into the history of air transport, we will come across early legends of human flight such as the story of Icarus, Jamshid in Persian myth, and may more. The flying automaton of Archytas of Tarentum later, the winged flights of Abbas Ibn Firnas and the hot-air Passarola of Bartolomeu Lourenco de Gusmao in the air transport history is to some extent more credible claims of short-distance human flights. The main purpose of this article is to trace the origin of air transport.

SPECIAL RATES

In logistics many term of rate that certain company must know because each rate has different functionality. In term of area, location or route rates have a many special rates that we must know. The special rate is local rates, joint rates, proportional rates, different rates, per-mile rates, terminal-to-terminal rates and blanket or group rates.

The special rate is the most important part for logistics because any transaction or thing to be dealt with must be having the rates. The meaning of local rates is applied to any rate between two points serve by the same carrier. Local rates are involved fully-cost of factory. The cost will be part of local rates is must be including cost for pick up, documentation, rating, billing and delivery. The important part of local rates is must be documentation for anything to be dealt with.

GLOBAL AIR REGULATION

Many of countries have to ensure their air transportation be familiar in global world. Same like Malaysia, we also want our air transportation expand and become familiar with other countries. So when our air transportation will be familiar at the same time we also had many competitors and get many customers to try using for our air transportation services. Matters that concerns in global air carriage relate to air safety and economics regulation. So, in this subtopic we will discuss about the safety that we have to concerns in our global air regulation and also the right of air carrier to provide certain types of services.

WHAT IS INTERMODALISM AND THE BENEFIT?

INTERMODALISM

• The system of coordinating different modes of transportation
• other simple meaning is, the system of changes mode of transportation. normally, involve two or more mode of transportation.

CHARACTERISTICS OF AIR FREIGHT FOWARDER

There are many characteristics that have in air freight forwarder. As we know, the air freight forwarder is one of the types for special carrier. They operate much in the same way as surface area. Usually the air freight forwarder use for services of major passenger and freight airlines for long-haul services and used by shippers with high-product-dollar value, high time-sensitivity value or both. They allow airlines to focus on terminal-to-terminal services and provide speed of services.

THE URBAN TRANSIT CHALLENGES

       This week we have been task from lecturer to make a research what are the challenges faced by urban transit. First of all, we will explain what is urban transit. Urban transit involve changing modes of transportation it also can be be defined as new intermodal system for example from road modes transfer to water or rail to sends the freight to the destination. Urbanization has been one of the dominant contemporary processes as a growing share of the global population lives in cities. Considering this trend, urban transportation issues are of foremost importance to support the passengers and freight mobility requirements of large urban focus. Transportation in urban areas is highly complex because of the modes involved, the multitude of origins and destinations, and the amount and variety of traffic. Traditionally, the focus of urban transportation has been on passengers as cities were viewed as locations of utmost human interactions with busy traffic patterns linked to commuting, commercial transactions and leisure/cultural activities. Urban transit is an important dimension of mobility, notably in high density. so here we will list a few that Urban transit challenges:

WATER WAYS

In Logistic terms water carrier can be defined as a party who used water way to delivered the shipment by using shipping company. Using this mode of transportation give many benefit towards firm which trusted will give profitable to that firm.  so we will list down the benefits from using this modes.

FACTORS INFLUENCES GROWTH IN AIR TRANSPORTATION

Each of country has their own air transportation to move the goods and people in their country. Airline travel is a common form of transportation for long distance to passenger and freight travel. That is reasonable alternatives when time of the essence. The services that provide of each air transportation are more better compare with another mode of transportation because they give comfortable sit during flight. However, the services that they provide give a big impact to their price because the price is also higher. Many of reasons that cause the growth in air cargo.

COST STRUCTURE IN TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT

Transportation costs are classify into a number of categories:

1.JOINT

Joint costs are expenses unavoidably created by the decision to provide a particular service. Joint cost have significant impact on transportation charges.



2.VARIABLE

Variable costs change in a predictable, direct manner in relation to some level of activity. Variable cost can be avoided by not operating the vehicle. The variable category includes direct carrier cost associated with movement each load. these expenses are generally measured as a cost per mile or per unit of weight.


3.FIXED

Fixed cost are expenses that do not change in the short run and must be serviced even a company is not operating, such as during a holiday or a strike. The fixed Category includes costs not directly influenced by shipment volume. For transportation firms, a fixed components includes vehicles, terminals, right-of-way, and information system and support equipment.
because carrier quotations must include implied joint cost based on considerations regarding an appropriate back haul shipper and back haul charges against the original shipper.


4)COMMON

This category includes carrier costs that are incurred on behalf of all selected shippers. Common costs, such as terminal or management expenses are characterized as overhead. these are often allocated to shipper according to a level of activity like the number of shipments or delivery appointment handled.

FACTORS IN LOCATING TERMINAL

 As what we know terminal is the common things in logistics field. Terminal is third party of transportation mode. A depot and distribution center placed in a planned area of a major city. Terminal may offer the short term storage to incoming or outgoing freight. Here, we will give some information about the factor that we need to concern in choosing the location of the terminals. The factors in choosing the right place for the terminal are as the following:

SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION IN FUTURE

Malaysia has a good development until today and we as Malaysian should be proud and appreciate with the facilities that we had currently. As we know, there are many ways that government applied to ensure our country become familiar in the world especially in term of logistics management.  The government have to take an action to ensure sustainable transportation in future and community use it.

TRANSPORT PARTICIPANTS

1) SHIPPER AND CONSIGNEE
 
The shipper and consignee have a common interest in moving goods from origin to destination within a given time at the lowest cost. Services related to transportation include specified pickup and delivery times,predictable transit time, and zero loss and damage as well as accurate and timely exchange of information and invoicing,

MODE SELECTION ( SELECTION OF TRANSPORTATION )

The choice of the three arrangement that is private, contract, common carrier depends on a variety factors, but the most important is the level of commitment and risk the shipper is willing to accept. In a stable environment, where the cargo volume, origin, destination and timing of shipments are stable, it is more likely that private or contract carriage more cost effective. There are three carriage that is :

"DRIVE LESS, SAVE MORE"

Our group will be discuss about the advantages and disadvantages of using the carpool and using the public transportation. Based on our research, nowadays many of people in Malaysia and also another country already practise this campaign that is ‘DRIVE LESS, SAVE MORE”. This campaign had invited the road user to practise campaign. That is because there are many advantages that people can get from the campaign that government make is “DRIVE LESS, SAVE MORE”. For example we can share the car and we can use the public transportation such as cab, bus and train.

THE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ISSUES

Nowadays, many current issues happen in Malaysia especially in logistics management. The example of issues that recently happen in logistics management are public transportation. As we know, our Prime Ministry has make investment to provide many facilities include public transport at many places in Malaysia. That will make easier for Malaysian people to using this transportation. For example in Kuala Lumpur, we already have LRT, commuters and also bus systems. The public transport is always used by offices worker because they did not have their own vehicles to go to their office and also in order to save the cost. However, as we can see many people include students also use the public transportation as their daily vehicles.

THE RATIONAL TRANSPORTATION REGULATION AND POLICY IMPLEMENTED BY GOVERNMENT

Regulation and policy are very important in transportation. Every country also has their own regulation and policy in order to avoid congestion and to ensure the safety of users. There are many rational the regulation and policy that are implemented by government in Malaysia. Regulation and policy give many effects especially to environment, safety and economy. In term of environment, each transport has their limit of smoke in order to reduce rate of air pollution. Government provide transport to carry the waste from the factory to keep our environment clean and unpolluted awake.

CHARACTERISTIC OF FREIGHT MODE

As we know, in logistics, there are five modes of transportation that is road, rail, pipeline, air, sea. But, here i would like to focus on road freight (road transportation). Do you know what is freight road and the characteristics? Freight road in simple meaning means road of transportation such as truck, lorry, bus and others. Based on five modes of transportation in logistic, road transportation are the most famous and frequently use by many organisation to transport their goods.

FACTORS THAT EFFECT TRANSPORTATION COST IN MALAYSIA

Nowadays , transportation are one of the most factor that should be count in trading, so when transportation cost increased the price for the shipment will also increased. There are many factor that influences the increasing of transportation cost in Malaysia. These factors are :