THE URBAN TRANSIT CHALLENGES

       This week we have been task from lecturer to make a research what are the challenges faced by urban transit. First of all, we will explain what is urban transit. Urban transit involve changing modes of transportation it also can be be defined as new intermodal system for example from road modes transfer to water or rail to sends the freight to the destination. Urbanization has been one of the dominant contemporary processes as a growing share of the global population lives in cities. Considering this trend, urban transportation issues are of foremost importance to support the passengers and freight mobility requirements of large urban focus. Transportation in urban areas is highly complex because of the modes involved, the multitude of origins and destinations, and the amount and variety of traffic. Traditionally, the focus of urban transportation has been on passengers as cities were viewed as locations of utmost human interactions with busy traffic patterns linked to commuting, commercial transactions and leisure/cultural activities. Urban transit is an important dimension of mobility, notably in high density. so here we will list a few that Urban transit challenges:

WATER WAYS

In Logistic terms water carrier can be defined as a party who used water way to delivered the shipment by using shipping company. Using this mode of transportation give many benefit towards firm which trusted will give profitable to that firm.  so we will list down the benefits from using this modes.

FACTORS INFLUENCES GROWTH IN AIR TRANSPORTATION

Each of country has their own air transportation to move the goods and people in their country. Airline travel is a common form of transportation for long distance to passenger and freight travel. That is reasonable alternatives when time of the essence. The services that provide of each air transportation are more better compare with another mode of transportation because they give comfortable sit during flight. However, the services that they provide give a big impact to their price because the price is also higher. Many of reasons that cause the growth in air cargo.

COST STRUCTURE IN TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT

Transportation costs are classify into a number of categories:

1.JOINT

Joint costs are expenses unavoidably created by the decision to provide a particular service. Joint cost have significant impact on transportation charges.



2.VARIABLE

Variable costs change in a predictable, direct manner in relation to some level of activity. Variable cost can be avoided by not operating the vehicle. The variable category includes direct carrier cost associated with movement each load. these expenses are generally measured as a cost per mile or per unit of weight.


3.FIXED

Fixed cost are expenses that do not change in the short run and must be serviced even a company is not operating, such as during a holiday or a strike. The fixed Category includes costs not directly influenced by shipment volume. For transportation firms, a fixed components includes vehicles, terminals, right-of-way, and information system and support equipment.
because carrier quotations must include implied joint cost based on considerations regarding an appropriate back haul shipper and back haul charges against the original shipper.


4)COMMON

This category includes carrier costs that are incurred on behalf of all selected shippers. Common costs, such as terminal or management expenses are characterized as overhead. these are often allocated to shipper according to a level of activity like the number of shipments or delivery appointment handled.

FACTORS IN LOCATING TERMINAL

 As what we know terminal is the common things in logistics field. Terminal is third party of transportation mode. A depot and distribution center placed in a planned area of a major city. Terminal may offer the short term storage to incoming or outgoing freight. Here, we will give some information about the factor that we need to concern in choosing the location of the terminals. The factors in choosing the right place for the terminal are as the following:

SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION IN FUTURE

Malaysia has a good development until today and we as Malaysian should be proud and appreciate with the facilities that we had currently. As we know, there are many ways that government applied to ensure our country become familiar in the world especially in term of logistics management.  The government have to take an action to ensure sustainable transportation in future and community use it.

TRANSPORT PARTICIPANTS

1) SHIPPER AND CONSIGNEE
 
The shipper and consignee have a common interest in moving goods from origin to destination within a given time at the lowest cost. Services related to transportation include specified pickup and delivery times,predictable transit time, and zero loss and damage as well as accurate and timely exchange of information and invoicing,